Exploring regional irrigation water demand using typologies of farms and production units: An example from Tunisia

Most methods used to predict irrigation water consumption at a regional scale are based on biophysical models and cropping patterns. Their aim is to provide accurate estimations of “water demand” that are useful for water resource management. However, in the case of free access to the water resource, for example pumping from a water table, it is only possible to prevent overexploitation by “managing” the demand for water, which thus needs to focus on farmers’ choices and behavior. In this paper, we propose a framework to represent agricultural activities using typologies of farms and production units aggregated at a regional scale. The framework can be used to estimate consumption of irrigation water and of other inputs, as well as the production of outputs. The framework can also be used to evaluate the effects of technical, economic or institutional changes on farm income, and to predict the consequences of changes for farmers’ choices at regional scale. We used this method in Central Tunisia to estimate irrigation water demand in 1999. We then simulated the changes that would occur if drip irrigation were adopted. The results of the simulation showed some savings in water and in labor, and, with fertigation, an increase in yields. Using drip irrigation would consequently enable farmers to extend the area of drip-irrigated land. We then simulated the widespread adoption of drip irrigation and the resulting extension of irrigated areas: the results showed no savings in water at the regional scale. These hypotheses were confirmed in 2005 using new typologies to estimate the new demand for irrigation water. We also simulated the effects of economic changes on farm incomes. A major increase in the cost of water affected a minority of farms, which consumed only 17% of total irrigation water, whereas a slight decrease in watermelon and melon prices affected a majority of farms, which consumed 78% of total irrigation water. Water demand management tools therefore need to focus on the effects of technical, economic, or institutional changes and on farmers’ choices.     

Strategies of Foreign Market Entry on the Basis of Strategic Alliance

By analyzing the achievements the TTX company and QI company gained on the basis of strategic alliance, this paper proves that strategic alliance is an effective mode of foreign market entry by Chinese enterprises, especially, private, small and medium enterprises, and they can actually promote their competence and acquire profit upon restricted resources by making an alliance with partners. This paper also discusses the problems exist in the alliance and the threat TTX faces, and put forward effective countermeasures.     

黄河中游水土流失区基本农田建设浅议

黄河中游水土流失区基本农田建设浅议高荣乐（黄委会黄河上中游管理局，西安７１００４３）黄河中游地区农业生态环境的主要特征可以概括为三个方面：一是以山丘地貌为主，梁峁起伏，沟壑纵横。在已开垦的１８６７万ｈｍ２农耕地中，处于平原区的不足２０％，其余均分布于...     

国土主体功能区划分与水土保持战略

 国家“十一五”经济社会规划纲要首次提出,根据资源环境承载能力、现有开发密度和发展潜力,统筹考虑未来我国人口分布、经济布局、国土利用和城镇化格局,将我国国土空间划分为优化开发、重点开发、限制开发和禁止开发4类主体功能区,将在财政、产业、投资、土地、人口管理以及绩效评价和政绩考核等方面,制定分类管理的“差别化”区域政策。4个国土功能区的划分为水土保持事业的发展创造了新的机遇。笔者根据“中国水土流失与生态安全综合科学考察”研究,提出了4个国土功能区的水土保持发展战略、工作目标、重点方向和考核指标等意见,以国土功能区的划分指导水土保持的发展,以水土保持促进和保障国土功能区战略的实施。     

Revelation Game of the Private Information Under Asymmetric Information

Because of the existence of the private information, the informed trader can make excess payoffs by using the information advantages. And also the informed trader can choose the trade strategies to attain the up most excess payoffs. However, he may lose his information advantages. This paper analyzes the conditions when the informed trader can make use of the private information and its optimal times underlying the framework of the strategic market game.     

延伸漳州花卉产业链的SWOT分析

运用SWOT分析方法,对漳州花卉产业链延伸的优势、劣势,以及政治、经济、社会和技术等各方面的因素进行分析,论证漳州花卉产业链延伸的可能性。     

Strategic Ideas of Greenway Construction in Ecological Zhejiang Province

INTRODUCTIONThe Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the ChineseCommunist Party and the Zhejiang ProvincialGovernment, followed the natural law and the economicsociety law of development, has laid down the strategicdecision of "to make the ecology province constructionas the carrier, makes afforested Zhejiang" strategicdecision from 2002. From now on, within 20 years,Zhejiang Province will be a sustainable developmentprovince with developedeconomy, exquisite ecologicalenvironment, harmoni…     

工程造价对小型水电站方案选择的影响

为了克服工程造价对小型水电站方案选择的不良影响，通过对永安市溪南水电站方案比较选择的分析，说明工程造价对非国有资金投资的小型水电站在方案选择时的不良影响，并提出相应措施，希望能够更好地实现充分利用水能资源，鼓励投资建设有调节性能的小水电站。